{"id":1002,"date":"2026-05-05T07:41:59","date_gmt":"2026-05-05T07:41:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.vebnox.com\/how-to-start-ecommerce-business-without-investment\/"},"modified":"2026-05-05T07:41:59","modified_gmt":"2026-05-05T07:41:59","slug":"how-to-start-ecommerce-business-without-investment","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vebnox.com\/blog\/how-to-start-ecommerce-business-without-investment\/","title":{"rendered":"how to start ecommerce business without investment"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[ad_1]<br \/>\n<\/p>\n<p>Launching an online store often feels like a costly venture reserved for investors with deep pockets. In reality, you can build a thriving ecommerce business with little to no upfront cash by leveraging free tools, smart dropshipping models, and strategic partnerships. This guide explains exactly why a zero\u2011investment approach works in today\u2019s digital marketplace, walks you through every essential step, and equips you with actionable tactics, real\u2011world examples, and warning signs to avoid costly mistakes. By the end, you\u2019ll know how to validate a product, set up a free storefront, drive traffic organically, and start generating sales without spending a dime.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>1. Choose a Low\u2011Risk Business Model That Requires No Inventory<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>When you\u2019re starting without capital, the key is to avoid any upfront stock purchase. Two models dominate this space:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul><\/p>\n<li><strong>Print\u2011on\u2011Demand (POD)<\/strong> \u2013 design custom apparel or accessories; a provider prints and ships each order.<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<li><strong>Dropshipping<\/strong> \u2013 partner with suppliers who fulfill orders directly to customers.<\/li>\n<p>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Example:<\/strong> Sarah created a niche \u201ccat\u2011mom\u201d T\u2011shirt line using a POD service. She uploaded designs, linked the product to her free Shopify trial, and earned $1,200 in her first month.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Actionable tip:<\/strong> Sign up for a free POD platform (e.g., Printful) and test a single product before expanding.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Common mistake:<\/strong> Selecting suppliers with high shipping times, which leads to dissatisfied customers and negative reviews.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>2. Validate Your Niche With Free Market Research<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Before you build anything, confirm there\u2019s demand. Use free tools to gauge search volume, competition, and audience interest.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Free research tools<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul><\/p>\n<li>Google Trends \u2013 spot rising keywords.<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<li>Ubersuggest \u2013 see monthly search volume and SEO difficulty.<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<li>Reddit &#038; Facebook Groups \u2013 listen to real conversations.<\/li>\n<p>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Example:<\/strong> By entering \u201ceco\u2011friendly water bottle\u201d into Google Trends, Alex discovered a 45% upward trend over the past year, confirming a viable niche.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Actionable tip:<\/strong> Write down three niche ideas, validate each with at least two free data points, then pick the one with the strongest upward trend and low competition.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Warning:<\/strong> Relying solely on \u201cpopularity\u201d without checking buyer intent can lead you to a high\u2011traffic but low\u2011conversion niche.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>3. Set Up a Free Ecommerce Storefront<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Several platforms let you launch a store for free or with a trial period. Choose one that integrates smoothly with POD or dropshipping services.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Top free options<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul><\/p>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.shopify.com\/free-trial\">Shopify<\/a> \u2013 14\u2011day free trial, extensive app ecosystem.<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bigcommerce.com\/learn\/free-trial\/\">BigCommerce<\/a> \u2013 15\u2011day trial, built\u2011in SEO tools.<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/woocommerce.com\/\">WooCommerce<\/a> \u2013 free WordPress plugin; only hosting costs.<\/li>\n<p>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Example:<\/strong> Miguel launched a WooCommerce store on a free WordPress.com subdomain, connected it to AliExpress via the Oberlo app, and posted his first product within an afternoon.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Actionable tip:<\/strong> Use a subdomain (e.g., yourstore.myshopify.com) until you have sales; upgrade only when necessary.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Common mistake:<\/strong> Adding too many paid themes or apps early on, which quickly erodes the \u201cno\u2011investment\u201d premise.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>4. Source Products Without Paying Upfront<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>With POD and dropshipping, you never buy inventory in advance. You only pay the supplier after a customer places an order.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Finding reliable suppliers<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul><\/p>\n<li>Printful, Printify (POD) \u2013 no minimum orders.<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<li>AliExpress, Spocket, Modalyst (dropshipping) \u2013 filter by rating and shipping speed.<\/li>\n<p>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Example:<\/strong> Lena used Spocket\u2019s free plan to find a US\u2011based supplier for organic yoga mats, ensuring 3\u2011day shipping for her North American customers.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Actionable tip:<\/strong> Order a sample yourself (if possible) to verify product quality before listing it.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Warning:<\/strong> Avoid suppliers with a rating below 4.5\/5; low ratings often correlate with poor fulfillment performance.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>5. Optimize Product Listings for SEO<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Even without a marketing budget, organic traffic can drive sales if your product pages rank for relevant keywords.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>On\u2011page SEO checklist<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol><\/p>\n<li>Title tag: include primary keyword + unique selling point.<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<li>Meta description: 150\u2011160 characters with a call\u2011to\u2011action.<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<li>Headings: use <code>&lt;h2&gt;<\/code> for feature sections, <code>&lt;h3&gt;<\/code> for details.<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<li>Bullet points: highlight benefits, dimensions, and material.<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<li>Images: name files with keywords and add alt text.<\/li>\n<p>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Example:<\/strong> Changing a product title from \u201cBlue Mug\u201d to \u201cHandcrafted Blue Ceramic Coffee Mug \u2013 Gift for Her\u201d increased organic clicks by 37%.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Actionable tip:<\/strong> Use the free <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/moz.com\/keyword-explorer\">Moz Keyword Explorer<\/a> to find 2\u20113 long\u2011tail variations per product and embed them naturally.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Common mistake:<\/strong> Keyword stuffing in product descriptions, which can trigger Google penalties.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>6. Leverage Free Marketing Channels to Drive Traffic<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>When cash is scarce, focus on traffic sources that cost nothing but your time.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Effective zero\u2011budget tactics<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul><\/p>\n<li><strong>Instagram Reels &#038; Stories<\/strong> \u2013 showcase product usage.<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<li><strong>Pinterest Boards<\/strong> \u2013 pin product images with SEO\u2011rich descriptions.<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<li><strong>Content Marketing<\/strong> \u2013 write blog posts targeting buyer intent keywords.<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<li><strong>Community Engagement<\/strong> \u2013 answer questions on Reddit or Quora.<\/li>\n<p>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Example:<\/strong> By posting daily TikTok videos of her POD tote bags, Maya grew to 15k followers and generated $2,500 in sales within two months.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Actionable tip:<\/strong> Create a weekly content calendar and schedule posts using free tools like <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/buffer.com\/\">Buffer<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Warning:<\/strong> Over\u2011promoting without providing value can lead to follower fatigue and reduced engagement.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>7. Implement a Simple Free Email Capture System<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Email remains the highest\u2011ROI channel. Use a free plan to start building a list from day one.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Free email tools<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul><\/p>\n<li>Mailchimp (Free up to 2,000 contacts)<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<li>MailerLite (Free up to 1,000 subscribers)<\/li>\n<p>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Example:<\/strong> After adding a 10% discount pop\u2011up on her store, Ella captured 250 emails in the first week and converted 12% into first\u2011time buyers.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Actionable tip:<\/strong> Offer a low\u2011cost incentive (e.g., \u201cFree Shipping on First Order\u201d) to encourage sign\u2011ups.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Common mistake:<\/strong> Sending promotional emails only; mix in educational content to nurture the relationship.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>8. Use Free Analytics to Track Performance<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Data drives decisions. Google Analytics and platform\u2011specific dashboards show where traffic comes from and which products convert.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Key metrics to monitor<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul><\/p>\n<li>Organic sessions<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<li>Bounce rate<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<li>Conversion rate<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<li>Average order value (AOV)<\/li>\n<p>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Example:<\/strong> Tracking Google Analytics revealed that Instagram traffic had a 3% conversion rate, prompting Alex to double his posting frequency on that channel.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Actionable tip:<\/strong> Set up a monthly \u201creport card\u201d that compares traffic sources and identifies the top\u2011performing product.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Warning:<\/strong> Ignoring data and making gut\u2011based decisions often leads to wasted effort on ineffective channels.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>9. Provide Stellar Customer Service for Free<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Happy customers become repeat buyers and brand advocates\u2014no advertising spend required.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Free support tools<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul><\/p>\n<li>Google Forms \u2013 collect inquiries.<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<li>WhatsApp Business \u2013 instant messaging.<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<li>Zendesk Lite (Free tier) \u2013 basic ticketing.<\/li>\n<p>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Example:<\/strong> When a buyer reported a delayed shipment, Carlos responded within an hour, offered a free replacement, and earned a 5\u2011star review that boosted his product rating.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Actionable tip:<\/strong> Draft a simple FAQ page to reduce repetitive queries.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Common mistake:<\/strong> Leaving messages unanswered for days; speed equals trust.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>10. Scale Using Free or Low\u2011Cost Automation<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Automation saves time, allowing you to focus on growth.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Automation ideas without spending<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul><\/p>\n<li>Zapier\u2019s free tier \u2013 connect order notifications to Google Sheets.<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<li>IFTTT \u2013 auto\u2011post new products to social media.<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<li>Shopify Flow (free for basic plans) \u2013 tag high\u2011value customers.<\/li>\n<p>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Example:<\/strong> Using Zapier, Nina automatically added each new order to a Trello board, streamlining order fulfillment and reducing errors.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Actionable tip:<\/strong> Identify one repetitive task per week and automate it with a free tool.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Warning:<\/strong> Over\u2011automating can create blind spots; always monitor automated processes.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>11. Comparison Table: Free vs. Paid Tools for a Zero\u2011Investment Store<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<table><\/p>\n<tr>\n<th>Category<\/th>\n<th>Free Option<\/th>\n<th>Paid Upgrade<\/th>\n<th>When to Upgrade<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<p><\/p>\n<tr>\n<td>Store Platform<\/td>\n<td>Shopify 14\u2011day trial<\/td>\n<td>Shopify Basic ($29\/mo)<\/td>\n<td>After first 30 sales<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<p><\/p>\n<tr>\n<td>POD Service<\/td>\n<td>Printful (no upfront fees)<\/td>\n<td>Printful Premium (custom branding)<\/td>\n<td>When branding matters<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<p><\/p>\n<tr>\n<td>Email Marketing<\/td>\n<td>Mailchimp Free (2k contacts)<\/td>\n<td>Mailchimp Standard ($14.99\/mo)<\/td>\n<td>When list >2k or need automation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<p><\/p>\n<tr>\n<td>Analytics<\/td>\n<td>Google Analytics<\/td>\n<td>Google Data Studio (free) + GA360 (paid)<\/td>\n<td>Enterprise\u2011level reporting<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<p><\/p>\n<tr>\n<td>Social Scheduler<\/td>\n<td>Buffer Free (10 posts)<\/td>\n<td>Buffer Pro ($15\/mo)<\/td>\n<td>Need >10 posts per month<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<p>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>12. Tools &#038; Resources You Can Use Right Now<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul><\/p>\n<li><strong>Printful<\/strong> \u2013 POD fulfillment, integrates with Shopify, WooCommerce, Etsy. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.printful.com\/\">Visit Printful<\/a><\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<li><strong>Spocket<\/strong> \u2013 Curated dropshipping suppliers with fast shipping. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.spocket.co\/\">Visit Spocket<\/a><\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<li><strong>Ubersuggest<\/strong> \u2013 Free keyword research and site audit. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/neilpatel.com\/ubersuggest\/\">Visit Ubersuggest<\/a><\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<li><strong>Canva<\/strong> \u2013 Create product mockups and social graphics for free. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.canva.com\/\">Visit Canva<\/a><\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<li><strong>Google Trends<\/strong> \u2013 Spot emerging product trends instantly. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/trends.google.com\/\">Visit Google Trends<\/a><\/li>\n<p>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>13. Mini Case Study: From Zero Budget to $3,500 in 60 Days<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Problem:<\/strong> Emma wanted to sell sustainable kitchen accessories but had no capital for inventory or ads.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Solution:<\/strong> She chose a POD model with Printful, created a niche \u201czero\u2011waste kitchen\u201d brand, and launched a free Shopify trial store. Using Pinterest SEO and daily TikTok videos, she drove organic traffic. A 10% email discount pop\u2011up captured 400 leads, converting 8% into customers.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Result:<\/strong> In two months Emma generated $3,500 in sales, covering her Shopify subscription and earning a $1,200 profit\u2014all without any upfront investment.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>14. Common Mistakes When Starting Without Investment<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul><\/p>\n<li>Choosing a saturated market \u2013 leads to low margins.<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<li>Neglecting product quality \u2013 free models can hide defects.<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<li>Skipping SEO \u2013 relying only on paid ads you can\u2019t afford.<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<li>Overcomplicating the store \u2013 too many pages slow load time.<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<li>Ignoring legal basics \u2013 forgetting business registration or tax obligations.<\/li>\n<p>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>15. Step\u2011by\u2011Step Guide: Launch Your First No\u2011Investment Store in 7 Days<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol><\/p>\n<li><strong>Day 1 \u2013 Niche Research<\/strong>: Use Google Trends &#038; Ubersuggest to pick a niche with upward search volume.<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<li><strong>Day 2 \u2013 Supplier Selection<\/strong>: Register on Printful (POD) or Spocket (dropshipping) and choose one product.<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<li><strong>Day 3 \u2013 Store Setup<\/strong>: Start a free Shopify trial, install the Printful app, and add your product.<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<li><strong>Day 4 \u2013 SEO Optimization<\/strong>: Write a keyword\u2011rich title, meta description, and bullet\u2011point benefits.<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<li><strong>Day 5 \u2013 Free Marketing<\/strong>: Create 3 TikTok videos, 5 Instagram Reels, and a Pinterest board linking to your product.<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<li><strong>Day 6 \u2013 Capture Emails<\/strong>: Add a Mailchimp pop\u2011up offering 10% off first order.<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<li><strong>Day 7 \u2013 Launch &#038; Track<\/strong>: Publish the store, announce on social channels, and set up Google Analytics.<\/li>\n<p>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>16. Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Can I really start an ecommerce store without spending any money?<\/strong> Yes. By using free trials, POD\/dropshipping models, and organic marketing, you can launch with zero upfront cost.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Do I need a business license?<\/strong> It depends on your country and sales volume. Many jurisdictions require registration once you earn a certain amount; check local regulations.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>What\u2019s the best free platform for beginners?<\/strong> Shopify\u2019s 14\u2011day trial paired with Printful is the most beginner\u2011friendly because of its guided setup and integrations.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>How long does it take to see the first sale?<\/strong> With focused organic promotion, many entrepreneurs see their first order within 1\u20112 weeks.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Is dropshipping risky?<\/strong> The main risk is supplier reliability. Mitigate it by testing samples, choosing high\u2011rated suppliers, and maintaining clear communication.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Can I scale without eventually spending money?<\/strong> Scaling usually requires investment in ads or premium tools, but you can reinvest early profits to grow sustainably.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Do I need to handle taxes?<\/strong> Yes. Register for a tax ID if required, collect sales tax where applicable, and keep detailed records.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>How can I stand out in a crowded market?<\/strong> Focus on a micro\u2011niche, superior branding, and exceptional customer service.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ready to take the plunge? Start with the free tools listed above, follow the 7\u2011day checklist, and watch your ecommerce dream unfold\u2014without a single dollar of initial investment.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>For more in\u2011depth strategies on scaling a zero\u2011budget store, check out <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"\/blog\/advanced-ecommerce-growth\">Advanced Ecommerce Growth Techniques<\/a> or explore HubSpot\u2019s guide on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hubspot.com\/marketing-statistics\">free marketing statistics<\/a>. External resources like <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/developers.google.com\/search\">Google Search Documentation<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/moz.com\/learn\/seo\/what-is-seo\">Moz SEO Basics<\/a>, and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/ahrefs.com\/blog\/ecommerce-seo\/\">Ahrefs Ecommerce SEO<\/a> provide additional expert insights.<\/p>\n<p>[ad_2]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[ad_1] Launching an online store often feels like a costly venture reserved for investors with deep pockets. In reality, you can build a thriving ecommerce business with little to no upfront cash by leveraging free tools, smart dropshipping models, and strategic partnerships. This guide explains exactly why a zero\u2011investment approach works in today\u2019s digital marketplace, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1003,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[620],"tags":[271,316,730,731,627],"class_list":["post-1002","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-e-commerce","tag-business","tag-ecommerce","tag-how-to-start-ecommerce-business-without-investment","tag-investment","tag-start"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vebnox.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1002","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vebnox.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vebnox.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vebnox.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vebnox.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1002"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vebnox.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1002\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vebnox.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1002"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vebnox.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1002"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vebnox.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1002"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}